Stages of HD
Although symptoms of HD vary from person to person, even within the same family, the progression of the disease can be roughly divided into three stages.
Early Stage HD
Early Stage HD usually includes subtle changes in coordination, perhaps some involuntary movements (chorea), difficulty thinking through problems and often, a depressed or irritable mood. Medications are often effective in treating depression or other emotional problems. The effects of the disease may make the person less able to work at their customary level and less functional in their regular activities at home.
Middle Stage HD
In the Middle Stage, the movement disorder may become more of a problem. Medication for chorea may be considered to provide relief from involuntary movement. Occupational and physical therapists may be needed to help maintain control of voluntary movements and to deal with changes in thinking and reasoning abilities. Diminished speech and difficulty swallowing may require help from a speech language pathologist. Ordinary activities will become harder to do.
Late Stage HD
In the Late Stage, the person with HD is totally dependent on others for their care. Choking becomes a major concern. Chorea may be severe or it may cease. At this stage, the person with HD can no longer walk and will be unable to speak. However, he or she is generally still able to comprehend language and retains an awareness of family and friends. When a person with HD dies, it is typically from complications of the disease, such as choking or infection and not from the disease itself.
In all stages of HD, weight loss can be an important complication that can correspond with worsening symptoms and should be countered by adjusting the diet and maintaining appetite.
Behavior
Behavioral and Sexual Problems in Huntington's Disease
Understanding Behavior in Huntington's Disease
Caregiving
A Caregiver's Handbook for Advanced-Stage Huntington's Disease
Huntington's Disease at Mid-Stage
Nursing Approaches for Clients with Huntington's Disease
Long Term Care: A Guide for Families
Nutrition and Swallowing
Coping with Speech and Swallowing Difficulties in Huntington's Disease
Managing Swallowing Difficulties Associated with HD
Nutrition and Huntington's Disease: A Guide for Families
Occupational Therapy
Occupational Therapy in Huntington's Disease
Physical and Occupational Therapy for Huntington's Disease: A Guide for Families
Physical Therapy
Physiotherapy for Huntington's Disease Patients
A Physical Therapy Program for HD Patients